Lungs: Difference between revisions

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<noinclude>
==Tissue sampling==
==Tissue sampling==
*[[Lung autopsy]]
*[[Lung autopsy]]
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*[[Lung autopsy]]
*[[Lung autopsy]]
*[[Lung wedge resection and lobectomy]]
*[[Lung wedge resection and lobectomy]]
 
*[[Lung biopsy]]
</noinclude>
==Basic microscopic screening==
==Basic microscopic screening==
:''For screening of lung autopsies, see '''[[Lung autopsy]]''' ''
:''For screening of lung autopsies, see '''[[Lung autopsy]]''' ''
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File:Histopathology of respiratory epithelial shedding.jpg|Respiratory '''epithelial shedding''' in a small bronchus. If present, look for vascular leakage, mucus hypersecretion and/or widespread airway narrowing, together indicating asthma.<ref>{{cite book | last=Madea | first=B | title=Handbook of forensic medicine | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | publication-place=Hoboken, N.J | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-118-57062-3 | oclc=872114659 | ref=harv}}</ref>
File:Histopathology of respiratory epithelial shedding.jpg|Respiratory '''epithelial shedding''' in a small bronchus. If present, look for vascular leakage, mucus hypersecretion and/or widespread airway narrowing, together indicating asthma.<ref>{{cite book | last=Madea | first=B | title=Handbook of forensic medicine | publisher=Wiley-Blackwell | publication-place=Hoboken, N.J | year=2014 | isbn=978-1-118-57062-3 | oclc=872114659 | ref=harv}}</ref>
</gallery>
</gallery>
===Other pertinent findings===
<gallery mode=packed heights=220>
File:Histopathology of diffuse alveolar damage.jpg|'''hyaline membranes''', suggesting '''diffuse alveolar damage'''.
File:Histopathology of pulmonary aspergillosis.jpg|Pulmonary '''aspergillosis''', seen as acutely branching septated hyphae.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wellcomecollection.org/works/rsfbcjkv%7Ctitle=Lung: invasive pulmonary aspergillosis with AIDS|website=Wellcome Collection|accessdate=2024-02-21}} License: CC0 1.0 Universal</ref>
File:Histopathology of pulmonary mucormycosis.jpg|Pulmonary '''mucormycosis''', seen as non-septated and broad-branching, and sometimes branching at right angles (black arrow).<ref name="pmid27423701">{{cite journal| author=Lee JH, Hyun JS, Kang DY, Lee HJ, Park SG| title=Rare complication of bronchoesophageal fistula due to pulmonary mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: a case report. | journal=J Med Case Rep | year= 2016 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 195 | pmid=27423701 | doi=10.1186/s13256-016-0991-7 | pmc=4947348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27423701  }}<br>- "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"</ref>
</gallery>
For fungi not conforming to the two main forms above, a general pathologist may attempt to get input by readily available expertise locally, but if it cannot be readily speciated, then it's generally acceptable to simply report as fungi present.
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Latest revision as of 17:28, 21 February 2024

Author: Mikael Häggström [note 1]

Tissue sampling

Fixation

Generally 10% neutral buffered formalin.

Presentations

Basic microscopic screening

For screening of lung autopsies, see Lung autopsy

Mainly look for carcinoma. Further information: Lung tumor

If granulomas are seen, generally stain for acid-fast bacteria and fungi.

Common findings

Active searching for them is not mandatory.

  • Emphysema (enlarged alveoli). Reporting is optional in mild cases in the elderly.
    Emphysema (enlarged alveoli). Reporting is optional in mild cases in the elderly.
  • Anthracosis (interstitial black material).
    Anthracosis (interstitial black material).
  • Respiratory epithelial shedding in a small bronchus. If present, look for vascular leakage, mucus hypersecretion and/or widespread airway narrowing, together indicating asthma.[1]
    Respiratory epithelial shedding in a small bronchus. If present, look for vascular leakage, mucus hypersecretion and/or widespread airway narrowing, together indicating asthma.[1]

Other pertinent findings

  • hyaline membranes, suggesting diffuse alveolar damage.
    hyaline membranes, suggesting diffuse alveolar damage.
  • Pulmonary aspergillosis, seen as acutely branching septated hyphae.[2]
    Pulmonary aspergillosis, seen as acutely branching septated hyphae.[2]
  • Pulmonary mucormycosis, seen as non-septated and broad-branching, and sometimes branching at right angles (black arrow).[3]
    Pulmonary mucormycosis, seen as non-septated and broad-branching, and sometimes branching at right angles (black arrow).[3]

For fungi not conforming to the two main forms above, a general pathologist may attempt to get input by readily available expertise locally, but if it cannot be readily speciated, then it's generally acceptable to simply report as fungi present.

Notes

  1. ↑ For a full list of contributors, see article history. Creators of images are attributed at the image description pages, seen by clicking on the images. See Patholines:Authorship for details.

Main page

References

  1. ↑ Madea, B (2014). Handbook of forensic medicine . Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-118-57062-3. OCLC 872114659. 
  2. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. . Wellcome Collection. Retrieved on 2024-02-21. License: CC0 1.0 Universal
  3. ↑ Lee JH, Hyun JS, Kang DY, Lee HJ, Park SG (2016). "Rare complication of bronchoesophageal fistula due to pulmonary mucormycosis after induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia: a case report. ". J Med Case Rep 10: 195. doi:10.1186/s13256-016-0991-7. PMID 27423701. PMC: 4947348. Archived from the original. . 
    - "This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License"

Image sources


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